摘要
刮痧属于中医经典外治护理技术，遵循经络气血理论，可通络化瘀、解痉镇痛、调和阴阳，在康复科临床护理中应用广泛。本文分别梳理刮痧疗法对应的中医理论内核与现代医学作用机制，系统总结该疗法在脑卒中后遗症、颈肩腰腿痛、骨关节术后康复、慢性运动损伤以及康复期心理睡眠障碍等病症中的实际应用效果，深入分析刮痧联合各类现代康复疗法带来的协同干预价值。文章指出临床现存操作标准不统一、辨证刮痧执行不足、循证研究证据匮乏、禁忌症把控不严格等问题，围绕操作规范化、流程标准化、科研现代化提出发展方向，在为康复科推广刮痧特色护理、完善康复护理方案、改善患者康复结局提供理论与实践参考。
关键词： 刮痧疗法；康复科；中医护理；康复干预；应用进展；经络刮痧
Abstract
Scraping therapy is a classic external treatment and nursing technique in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Based on the theory of meridians, collaterals, qi and blood, it can dredge collaterals to remove blood stasis, relieve spasm and alleviate pain, and regulate yin and yang, which is widely adopted in clinical nursing of rehabilitation department. This paper sorts out the TCM theoretical connotation and modern medical mechanism of scraping therapy, systematically summarizes its clinical effects in the treatment of stroke sequelae, neck-shoulder and lumbocrural pain, rehabilitation after orthopedic surgery, chronic sports injuries, as well as psychological and sleep disorders during rehabilitation. It further explores the synergistic intervention value of scraping therapy combined with various modern rehabilitation therapies. The article points out existing clinical problems including inconsistent operation standards, inadequate syndrome differentiation-based scraping, insufficient evidence from evidence-based researches and loose control of contraindications. It puts forward development suggestions concerning standardized operation, unified procedures and modernized scientific research, so as to provide theoretical and practical references for promoting characteristic scraping nursing, optimizing rehabilitation nursing protocols and improving rehabilitation outcomes of patients in rehabilitation department.
Key words： Scraping therapy; Rehabilitation department; Traditional Chinese medicine nursing; Rehabilitation intervention; Application progress; Meridian scraping
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