摘要
糖尿病是老年群体中发病率非常高的一种慢性代谢性疾病，患者病情特征主要表现为慢性高血糖，胰岛素抵抗，给老年人群健康带来巨大负担。老年糖尿病患者受到代谢功能异常改变以及营养失调等因素影响，导致肌力快速减退，肌肉质量下降，骨骼肌质量、功能进行性丧失，导致肌少症，患者活动能力降低，增加患者跌倒、住院以及死亡风险，严重影响老年人群生活质量以及身心健康，因此，老年糖尿病合并肌少症患者应尽早对疾病危险因素进行识别，早期筛查，针对性开展营养支持、个性化用药以及运动干预等干预。本文通过对糖尿病与肌少症作用机制、评估方法以及护理干预措施进行分析，从而为老年糖尿病合并肌少症患者护理管理提供更多参考依据。
关键词： 糖尿病；肌少症；营养支持；运动干预
Abstract
Diabetes is a very common chronic metabolic disease among the elderly population. The main characteristics of the patients’ condition are chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, which impose a huge burden on the health of the elderly. Elderly patients with diabetes are affected by abnormal metabolic function changes and nutritional imbalance, resulting in rapid muscle strength decline, decrease in muscle mass, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, leading to sarcopenia. The patients’ activity ability is reduced, increasing the risks of falls, hospitalization and death, seriously affecting the quality of life and physical and mental health of the elderly population. Therefore, elderly patients with diabetes complicated with sarcopenia should identify the disease risk factors as early as possible, conduct early screening, and carry out targeted nutritional support, individualized medication and exercise intervention and other interventions. This paper analyzes the mechanism of action of diabetes and sarcopenia, the evaluation method and nursing intervention measures, so as to provide more reference basis for the nursing management of elderly patients with diabetes complicated with sarcopenia.
Key words： Diabetes; Sarcopenia; Nutritional support; Exercise intervention
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