摘要
目的 探讨早期吞咽功能训练对甲状腺手术患者术后吞咽障碍的干预效果。方法 选取2025年1月至2025年12月在本院接受甲状腺手术的患者100例作为研究对象，随机分为对照组和观察组，每组各50例。对照组患者给予甲状腺手术常规护理，观察组患者在常规护理基础上实施早期吞咽功能训练。比较两组患者术后吞咽障碍发生率、吞咽功能恢复时间、洼田饮水试验评分、吞咽相关生活质量量表（Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire,SWAL-QOL）评分及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组术后吞咽障碍发生率（8%）显著低于对照组（26%），吞咽功能恢复时间更短，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后7天、14天，观察组洼田饮水试验评分更低，SWAL-QOL评分更高，呛咳及吸入性肺炎发生率（6%）显著低于对照组（20%），差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 对甲状腺手术患者进行早期吞咽训练，可降低吞咽障碍及并发症发生率，加速功能恢复，改善生活品质，值得临床推广。
关键词： 早期吞咽功能训练；甲状腺手术；吞咽障碍；干预效果；康复护理
Abstract
Objective To explore the intervention effect of early swallowing function training on postoperative dysphagia in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent thyroid surgery in our hospital from January 2025 to December 2025 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, with 50 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were given routine care for thyroid surgery, while the patients in the observation group received early swallowing function training in addition to the routine care. The incidence of postoperative dysphagia, recovery time of swallowing function, kubota water swallowing test score, swallowing-related quality of life scale (SWAL-QOL) score, and occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of postoperative dysphagia in the observation group (8%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (26%), and the recovery time of swallowing function was shorter, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). On the 7th and 14th days after surgery, the kubota water swallowing test score of the observation group was lower, and the SWAL-QOL score was higher, and the incidence of choking and aspiration pneumonia (6%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (20%), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion Early swallowing function training for patients undergoing thyroid surgery can reduce the incidence of dysphagia and complications, accelerate functional recovery, improve quality of life, and is worthy of clinical promotion.
Key words： Early swallowing function training; Thyroid surgery; Dysphagia; Intervention effect; Rehabilitation nursing
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