Application of preoperative rehabilitation training in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy and its effect on postoperative pulmonary function recovery
术前预康复训练在胰十二指肠切除术患者中的应用及对术后肺功能恢复的效果观察

摘要

目的 探讨术前预康复训练在胰十二指肠切除术患者中的应用方法及对术后肺功能恢复的影响，为临床优化围术期护理、改善患者预后提供循证依据。方法 选取2025年1月至2025年12月本院收治的100例行胰十二指肠切除术的患者作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组，每组50例。对照组给予围术期常规护理，观察组在对照组基础上实施为期2~4周的术前预康复训练，包括呼吸功能训练、肢体功能训练及营养支持联合心理干预。比较两组患者术前1 d、术后3 d、术后7 d的肺功能指标[用力肺活量（FVC）、第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、FEV₁/FVC、最大通气量（MVV）]，术后肺部并发症发生率及术后下床活动时间、住院时间。结果 术前1 d，两组患者肺功能指标比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；术后3 d、7 d，观察组各肺功能指标均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后肺部并发症发生率（6.00%）显著低于对照组（22.00%），术后下床活动时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组（P均<0.05）。结论 对胰十二指肠切除术患者实施术前预康复训练，可有效改善术后肺功能，降低肺部并发症发生率，促进早期康复，缩短住院周期，值得临床推广。

Abstract

Objective To explore the application methods of preoperative rehabilitation training in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy and its impact on postoperative pulmonary function recovery, and to provide evidence-based basis for optimizing perioperative care and improving patient prognosis in clinical practice.
Methods From January 2025 to December 2025, 100 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in our hospital were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into the observation group and the control group by random number table method, with 50 cases in each group. The control group received routine perioperative care, while the observation group received preoperative rehabilitation training for 2 to 4 weeks on the basis of the control group, including respiratory function training, limb function training, nutritional support, and psychological intervention. The pulmonary function indicators of the two groups before 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after surgery [forced vital capacity (FVC), first second forced expiratory volume (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC, maximal ventilation volume (MVV)] were compared. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and the time of postoperative getting out of bed, hospital stay were also compared.
Results There was no statistically significant difference in pulmonary function indicators between the two groups before 1 day (P > 0.05); on 3 days and 7 days after surgery, the pulmonary function indicators of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the observation group (6.00%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (22.00%), and the postoperative time to get out of bed and hospital stay were significantly shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.05).
Conclusion   Implementing preoperative rehabilitation training for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy can effectively improve postoperative pulmonary function, reduce the incidence of pulmonary complications, promote early rehabilitation, shorten the hospital stay, and is worthy of clinical promotion.