The influence of the 5A nursing model oriented towards self-management combined with experiential diet education on the self-care ability and self-efficacy of patients with diabetic nephropathy
以自我管理为导向的5A护理模式结合体验式饮食教育对糖尿病肾病患者自我护理能力和自我效能感的影响

摘要

目的 探究将自我管理作为导向的5A护理模式与体验式饮食教育相结合的护理方法，对糖尿病肾病患者自我护理能力与自我效能感方面的影响。方法 在2024年8月至2025年7月期间，研究选取了78例糖尿病肾病患者，并通过随机数字表法将其分为两组：对照组与观察组，每组各包含39名患者。对照组采用的是常规的护理方式，而观察组则实施以自我管理为导向的5A护理模式，同时结合体验式饮食教育。对两组的临床护理效果，如患者自我护理能力和自我效能感评分进行对比和评估。结果 护理前两组自我护理能力和自我效能感评分结果均无统计学显著性差异（P＞0.05）。经护理后对比观察组与对照组数据发现，观察组患者的自我护理能力和自我效能感评分均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 实施以自我管理为导向的5A护理模式，同时结合体验式饮食教育护理干预显著提升了糖尿病肾病患者的自我护理技能和自我效能感。有较高应用价值。

Abstract

Objective To explore the impact of the nursing method that combines the 5A nursing model oriented towards self-management with experiential dietary education on the self-care ability and self-efficacy of patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Methods From August 2024 to July 2025, 78 patients with diabetic nephropathy were selected for the study and randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the observation group, with 39 patients in each group. The control group adopted the conventional nursing method, while the observation group implemented the 5A nursing model oriented towards self-management, combined with experiential dietary education at the same time. The clinical nursing effects of the two groups, such as the patients' self-care ability and self-efficacy scores, were compared and evaluated.
Results Before the nursing, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of self-care ability and self-efficacy between the two groups (P > 0.05). After nursing, by comparing the data of the observation group and the control group, it was found that the self-care ability and self-efficacy scores of the patients in the observation group were both higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion   The implementation of the 5A nursing model oriented towards self-management, combined with experiential dietary education nursing intervention, has significantly enhanced the self-care skills and self-efficacy of patients with diabetic nephropathy. It has relatively high application value.