Analysis of influencing factors of obesity in primary and secondary school students and nursing intervention
对中小学生肥胖影响因素的分析及护理干预

摘要

目的 研究对中小学生肥胖影响因素的分析及护理干预。方法 本研究于2024年1月至12月期间，运用多阶段分层整群抽样技术开展样本采集工作。在本市范围内选取6所学校作为抽样单位，其中小学、初中、高中各占2所。以班级为基本抽样单元，对小学一年级至高中三年级全体学生进行整群抽样，要求各年级抽样人数不少于80名。最终确定5860名学生纳入研究对象范畴。对其开展体格检查与问卷调查，以分析影响中小学生超重肥胖的因素，并采取针对性的护理干预。结果 影响中小学生超重肥胖的相关因素有性别、学段、一周内吃过油炸食物和一周内没有进行中高强度运动，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 中小学生超重肥胖问题受多重因素交互影响，其中学段差异、性别特征、膳食结构以及中高强度运动量等要素具有显著相关性。为有效控制中小学生的体重异常增长，需实施营养管理、运动干预等针对性护理干预措施。

Abstract

Objective This study analyzes the influencing factors of obesity in primary and secondary school students and provides nursing interventions.
Methods In this study, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling technique was used to collect samples from January to December 2024. Six schools were selected as sampling units within the city, of which two were primary, junior high and two were high schools. With the class as the basic sampling unit, a cluster sample of all students from the first grade of primary school to the third year of high school is required, and the number of students in each grade is required to be no less than 80. Finally, 5,860 students were included in the scope of the study. Physical examination and questionnaire survey were carried out to analyze the factors affecting overweight and obesity of primary and secondary school students, and targeted nursing interventions were taken.
Results The relevant factors influencing overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students were gender, school grade, eating fried food within a week, and not doing moderate-to-high-intensity exercise during a week, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion   The problem of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students was affected by multiple factors, among which the differences in school stages, gender characteristics, dietary structure, and the amount of moderate-to-high-intensity exercise were significantly correlated. In order to effectively control the abnormal weight gain of primary and secondary school students, targeted nursing interventions such as nutrition management and exercise intervention should be implemented.