Study on the nursing pathway and effectiveness of intervention for preoperative anxiety in surgical patients
手术患者焦虑情绪干预的护理路径与效果研究

摘要

目的 随着医学模式的转变和人们对健康要求的提高，手术患者的心理护理越来越受到重视。焦虑情绪是手术患者常见的心理问题之一，若不进行有效干预，将影响患者的康复进程。本研究旨在通过系统的护理干预，观察并比较不同干预方法对手术患者焦虑情绪的影响，以期为临床护理工作提供科学依据。方法 1. 术前准备：向患者介绍手术相关知识，包括手术流程、可能出现的并发症等，以减轻患者的不确定感和恐惧心理。2. 心理护理：根据患者的心理状态，采用个别谈话、心理疏导、音乐疗法等多种方式进行心理护理。3. 术后护理：密切观察患者的生命体征和切口情况，及时处理异常情况；鼓励患者早期下床活动，促进康复。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）对患者的焦虑程度进行评估。在干预前后分别对两组患者进行SAS评分，并比较其差异。结果 干预前，两组患者的SAS评分无显著差异（P>0.05）。干预后，实验组患者的SAS评分明显低于对照组（P<0.05），表明实验组的心理护理干预对降低患者焦虑程度具有显著效果。此外，实验组患者的术后并发症发生率也低于对照组（P<0.05），表明心理护理干预有助于促进患者的康复。结论 本研究通过对手术患者实施系统的心理护理干预，发现心理护理能够显著降低患者的焦虑程度，缩短住院时间，减少术后并发症的发生。因此，在临床护理工作中，应重视对手术患者的心理护理干预，采取有效的护理路径，以提高患者的康复效果和生活质量。

Abstract

Objective With the transformation of medical models and the increased demands for health, the psychological care of surgical patients is gaining more attention. Anxiety is one of the common psychological issues among surgical patients, and ineffective intervention can affect their recovery process. This study aims to observe and compare the effects of different intervention methods on the anxiety levels of surgical patients through systematic nursing interventions, providing a scientific basis for clinical nursing work.
Methods 1. Preoperative preparation: Introduce patients to relevant surgical knowledge, including the surgical process and potential complications, to reduce their uncertainty and fear. 2. Psychological nursing: Based on the patient's psychological state, use individual conversations, psychological counseling, music therapy, and other methods for psychological nursing. 3. Postoperative care: Closely monitor the patient's vital signs and incision conditions, handle abnormalities in a timely manner; encourage patients to get out of bed early and promote recovery. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to assess the patient's anxiety level. SAS scores were taken before and after the intervention for both groups of patients and their differences were compared.
Results Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in SAS scores between the two groups (P>0.05). After the intervention, the SAS scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), indicating that the psychological nursing intervention in the experimental group had a significant effect on reducing patient anxiety. Additionally, the incidence of postoperative complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), indicating that psychological nursing intervention contributes to patient recovery.
Conclusion   This study found that systematic psychological nursing intervention for surgical patients significantly reduced anxiety levels, shortened hospital stays, and reduced the occurrence of postoperative complications. Therefore, in clinical nursing work, the psychological nursing intervention for surgical patients should be emphasized, and effective nursing pathways should be adopted to improve patient recovery outcomes and quality of life.