摘要
目的 分析基于循证的脑外科患者误吸风险评估与预防护理措施研究。方法：选取本院于2023年1月至2024年1月期间收治的100例脑外科患者为研究对象，使用随机数字表法将其随机分成两组，分别是对照组（50例）和观察组（50例）。对照组实施常规护理流程，而观察组则采用基于循证的护理方法。对两组的临床护理效果，如两组患者的不良鼻饲饮食行为发生率、误吸发生率、营养指标（血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白）、吞咽功能（SSA）评分以及护理满意度进行对比与评估。结果：相较于对照组，观察组患者的不良鼻饲饮食行为发生率更低（P＜0.05），观察组患者的误吸发生率更低（P＜0.05），观察组患者的血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白水平更高（P＜0.05），观察组患者的护理满意度更高（P＜0.05）。观察组患者的吞咽功能评估得分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：在对脑外科患者误吸风险评估与预防中实施循证护理措施可取得明显的效果，显著降低患者误吸发生率，改善吞咽功能，提高护理满意度。有较高应用价值，值得推广与应用。
关键词： 循证护理；脑外科；误吸风险；鼻饲
Abstract
Objective Research on evidence-based risk assessment and preventive nursing measures for aspiration in neurosurgery patients. Methods Selecting 100 neurosurgery patients admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 as the research subjects, they were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table method: a control group (50 cases) and an observation group (50 cases). The control group received routine nursing procedures, while the observation group received evidence-based nursing methods. Compare and evaluate the clinical nursing effects of two groups, such as the incidence of poor nasal feeding behavior, aspiration rate, nutritional indicators (hemoglobin, total protein, albumin), swallowing function (SSA) score, and nursing satisfaction. Results Compared with the control group, the observation group had a lower incidence of poor nasal feeding behavior (P<0.05), a lower incidence of aspiration (P<0.05), higher levels of hemoglobin, total protein, and albumin (P<0.05), and higher nursing satisfaction (P<0.05). The swallowing function assessment score of the observation group patients was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Implementing evidence-based nursing measures in the risk assessment and prevention of aspiration in neurosurgery patients can achieve significant results, significantly reducing the incidence of aspiration, improving swallowing function, and increasing nursing satisfaction. Has high application value and is worth promoting and applying.
Key words： Evidence based nursing; Neurosurgery; Risk of aspiration; Nasal feeding
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