The effect of ultrasound-guided nursing plan on preventing pressure ulcers in children during ECMO operation
超声指导下的护理方案预防ECMO运转期患儿压疮的效果

摘要

目的 探讨在ECMO（体外膜肺氧合）运转期患儿中采取超声指导下的护理方案对预防压疮的效果。方法 选取本院在2022年7月-2023年7月收治的ECMO运转期患儿54例，根据随机抽签法分组，试验组（27例，超声指导下的预防压疮护理方案），对照组（27例，常规预防压疮护理方案）。对比两组护理期间的压疮发生情况和治疗相关指标，以及护理前后患儿的压疮发生风险（Waterlow量表）和急性生理与慢性健康状态（APACHE II量表）。结果 试验组患儿压疮发生率低于对照组，且ECMO治疗时间、血管活性药物治疗时间、总住院治疗时间均少于对照组（P＜0.05）；护理后两组患儿的Waterlow评分和APACHE II评分均比护理前有明显降低，且试验组患儿的评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 在ECMO运转期患儿中采取超声指导下的预防压疮护理方案能够降低患儿压疮风险，改善其健康状态，并缩短治疗时间。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided nursing program on the prevention of pressure ulcers in children during ECMO (Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) operation.
Methods A total of 54 children with ECMO operating period admitted to our hospital from July 2022 to July 2023 were divided into experimental group (27 cases, ultrasound guided pressure ulcer prevention nursing program) and control group (27 cases, conventional pressure ulcer prevention nursing program) according to random drawing method. The incidence of pressure ulcers and treatment-related indicators during the nursing period were compared between the two groups, as well as the risk of pressure ulcers before and after nursing (Waterlow scale) and acute physiological and chronic health status (APACHE II scale).
Results The incidence of pressure ulcer in experimental group was lower than that in control group, and the duration of ECMO treatment, vasoactive drug treatment and total hospital stay were lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). After nursing, the Waterlow score and APACHE II score of the two groups were significantly lower than those before nursing, and the scores of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion   The nursing program of pressure ulcer prevention under the guidance of ultrasound can reduce the risk of pressure ulcer, improve the health status and shorten the treatment time in children with ECMO.