New progress in nursing care of radiation-induced proctitis after cervical cancer radiotherapy
宫颈癌放疗后并发放射性直肠炎的护理新进展

摘要

治疗宫颈癌患者的主要方法包括手术、放疗和化疗。在这些方法中，放疗通常被用作宫颈癌手术后的治疗措施。然而，在有效地针对肿瘤细胞的同时，放疗可能会引发一些副作用。其中，宫颈癌患者最常见的并发症之一是放射性直肠炎，由于神经系统对放射线的反应，早期即可出现胃肠道的症状。一般多出现在放疗开始后1～2周内。恶心、呕吐、腹泻、排出粘液或血样便。累及直肠者伴有里急后重。急性期的症状迁延不愈或直至放疗结束6个月至数年后始有显著症状者，均提示病变延续，这可能导致直肠变窄和形成肠道通路异常。这些并发症明显影响了患者的舒适度。本文旨在详述和分析宫颈癌患者接受放疗后出现放射性直肠炎问题的主要原因，并重点关注预防措施和护理干预措施。

Abstract

The main treatments for patients with cervical cancer include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Among these methods, radiation therapy is often used as a treatment measure after cervical cancer surgery. However, while effectively targeting tumor cells, radiotherapy can cause some side effects. Among them, one of the most common complications of cervical cancer patients is radiation proctitis, due to the nervous system response to radiation, gastrointestinal symptoms can appear early. Generally, it occurs within 1 to 2 weeks after the start of radiotherapy. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, discharge of mucus or blood stool. Rectum involvement was accompanied by tenesio-posterior gravity. Persistent symptoms in the acute phase, or significant symptoms until 6 months to several years after the end of radiotherapy, are indicative of a continuation of the disease, which may lead to rectal narrowing and the formation of abnormal intestinal pathways. These complications significantly affected patient comfort. This article aims to detail and analyze the main causes of radiation proctitis in patients with cervical cancer after radiotherapy, and focus on preventive measures and nursing interventions.