Risk factors and nursing care for central venous catheter (CVC) infection
中心静脉导管（CVC）感染危险因素及护理

摘要

目的 研究并分析中心静脉导管(CVC)感染危险因素及相关护理措施。方法 我院于2020年开始对进行中心静脉置管的患者实施预见性护理干预。现将2018年1月至2019年12月期间于我院进行中心静脉置管的150例患者作为参照组，将其导管护理方式定义为常规导管管理。将2020年1月至2022年12月期间于我院进行中心静脉置管的138例患者作为试验组，以预见性护理对患者静脉导管进行干预。分别对两组患者的临床资料、中心静脉导管（CVC）感染发生情况进行回顾性分析，探寻引发中心静脉导管发生感染的危险因素，再以相关危险因素为基础制定相应的预见性护理措施。最后统计引发中心静脉导管感染的相关危险因素、比较两组患者的感染发生率。结果 （1）经统计，引发中心静脉导管感染的危险因素具体包括：①自身患有糖尿病；②患者置管前体温超过37.3℃；③患者导管留置时间超过7天；④患者留置导管的管径超过16G；⑤患者免疫功能较差；⑥患者进行紧急插管；⑦患者病情严重程度评分为4分~5分。（2）经比较，参照组患者的感染发生率远远超过试验组患者的感染发生率，数据对比表现出明显差异（P＜0.05），具有统计学意义。结论 中心静脉导管(CVC)感染率一直居高不下，经统计，引发感染的危险因素主要包括患者自身基础疾病、置管前体温、导管留置时间、导管管径、患者自身免疫能力、插管的时机以及患者自身病情发展程度等，以上述相关危险因素为依据制定相适宜的预见性护理干预措施，能够明显降低中心静脉导管感染发生率，具有较高的临床研究与推广价值。

Abstract

Objective: To study and analyze the risk factors and related nursing measures for central venous catheter (CVC) infection. Our hospital has been implementing proactive nursing interventions for patients undergoing central venous catheterization since 2020. 150 patients who underwent central venous catheterization in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 will be used as the reference group, and their catheter care will be defined as routine catheter management. 138 patients who underwent central venous catheterization in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the experimental group, and predictive care was used to intervene in the patient's venous catheterization. Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and incidence of central venous catheter (CVC) infection in two groups of patients, to explore the risk factors that lead to CVC infection, and to develop corresponding predictive nursing measures based on relevant risk factors. Finally, the relevant risk factors for central venous catheter infection were statistically analyzed, and the infection incidence rates between the two groups of patients were compared.
Results (1) According to statistics, the risk factors of central venous catheter infection specifically include: ① own diabetes; ② The patient's body temperature exceeded 37.3 ℃ before catheterization; ③ The patient's catheter is left for more than 7 days; ④ The diameter of the patient's indwelling catheter exceeds 16G; ⑤ The patient's immune function is poor; ⑥ Emergency intubation for patients; ⑦ The severity score of the patient's condition ranges from 4 to 5 points. (2) After comparison, the infection incidence rate of the reference group patients was much higher than that of the experimental group patients, and the data comparison showed a significant difference (P<0.05), which is statistically significant.
Conclusion  : The infection rate of central venous catheters (CVCs) has always been high. According to statistics, the risk factors for infection mainly include the patient's underlying disease, pre catheterization temperature, catheterization time, catheter diameter, patient's autoimmune ability, timing of catheterization, and the degree of patient's own disease development. Based on the above related risk factors, appropriate predictive nursing interventions should be developed, It can significantly reduce the incidence of central venous catheter infection and has high clinical research and promotion value.