Diagnostic value of tuberculin skin test, interferon releasing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acidmolecular detection technology in tuberculosis
结核菌素皮肤试验、干扰素释放酶联免疫法及核酸分子检测技术在结核病中的诊断价值

摘要

目的 探析结核菌素皮肤试验（TST）、干扰素释放酶联免疫法（TB-IGRA）及核酸分子检测技术 （NAT）在结核病（TB）中的诊断价值。方法 2022 年 11 月~2023 年 11 月，在我院就诊 TB 疑似患者中选取 412 例，412 例患者中 212 例确诊 TB 设为观察组，其中包含治疗 1~2 个月的 178 例患者、新收治 34 例患者， 200 例肺部其他病症者设为对照组，两组均接受 TST、TB-IGRA、NAT 检测，参考诊断结果，对比三种检测手 段的价值。结果 对比三种检测手段，观察组阳性率均较对照组高（P<0.05），观察组中，相较于 TST，TB- IGRA、NAT 阳性率更高（P<0.05），对照组中，与 TST 相较，TB-IGRA、NAT 阳性率较低（P<0.05），经 1~2 个月抗结核治疗后阳性患者与新收治患者 TB-IGRA、NAT 对比（P>0.05），与 TST 相比，TB-IGRA、NAT 特异度、敏感度、符合率较高（P<0.05），NAT、TB-IGRA 特异度、敏感度、符合率对比（P>0.05）。结论 TB-IGRA、NAT 诊断 TB 的符合率较高，特异度、敏感度较高。

Abstract

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of tuberculin skin test (TST), interferon releasing enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (TB-IGRA) and nucleic acid molecular detection technology (NAT) in tuberculosis (TB). Method From November 2022 to November 2023, 412 suspected TB patients were selected from our hospital, and 212 of them were diagnosed with TB as the observation group. This included 178 patients treated for 1-2 months, 34 newly admitted patients, and 200 patients with other lung diseases as the control group. Both groups received TST, TB-IGRA, and NAT tests. Based on the diagnostic results, the value of the three testing methods was compared. Result Comparing the three detection methods, the positive rates of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). In the observation group, the positive rates of TB-IGRA and NAT were higher than those of TST (P<0.05). In the control group, the positive rates of TB-IGRA and NAT were lower than those of TST (P<0.05). After 1-2 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment, the positive patients were compared with newly admitted patients (P>0.05). Compared with TST, the specificity, sensitivity, and The coincidence rate was relatively high (P<0.05), and the specificity, sensitivity, and coincidence rate of NAT and TB-IGRA were compared (P>0.05).
Conclusion   The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of TB-IGRA and NAT in diagnosing TB are high.